Glossary

“A response that does not have to be learned, such as a reflex” (Gazzaniga et al., 2016, p. 227).

defined by Arash Emamzadeh

“A stimulus that elicits a response, such as a reflex, without any prior learning” (Gazzaniga et al., 2016, p. 227).

defined by Arash Emamzadeh

states that revenge can only be satisfactory when the offender understands it as a response to his/her prior (wrong) behavior

defined by Arne Sjöström

characteristics distinguish humans from animals; when uniquely human characteristics are denied, we talk about animalistic dehumanization (i.e., the target is perceived as an animal)

defined by Philippe Bernard

theory in moral philosophy suggesting the right thing to do is whatever maximizes aggregate wellbeing

defined by Lucius Caviola