Glossary

This term consists of the combination of the word “gay” with “radar”. It refers to the ability to recognize gay and lesbian people.

defined by Fabio Fasoli, Peter Hegarty

refers to the characteristics that a society or culture considers as masculine or feminine

defined by Reut Avinun

Gender differences: “typical differences between genders that are specific to a particular culture and influenced by its attitudes and practices. Gender differences emerge in a variety of domains, such as careers, communication, and interpersonal relationships” (APA dictionary, n.d.).Bio-behavioral synchrony: The temporal coordination of behavior, physiology, and/or brain activity between two or more individuals during or shortly after social interaction. The term was coined by Ruth Feldman.

defined by Pascal Vrtička

Gender expression is related to how verbal and non-verbal behaviors are used or interpreted according to gender norms that represent men as masculine and women as feminine.

defined by Fabio Fasoli, Peter Hegarty

 a person’s sense of the self as female or male, along with the importance placed on gender and the feelings associated with membership in one’s gender group

defined by Jennifer Bosson

Gender inversion refers to the assumption that gay men are similar to heterosexual women and lesbian women are similar to heterosexual men.

defined by Fabio Fasoli, Peter Hegarty

explicit or implicit rules about what members of a given gender ought and ought not do

defined by Jennifer Bosson

shared beliefs and expectations about the behaviors, traits, qualities, and competencies that are associated with being male or female

defined by Jennifer Bosson

the functional unit of inheritance affecting the expression of one or more traits

defined by Reut Avinun

the phenomenon in which genetically influenced characteristics of the individual are correlated with the behavior or responses of the environment (e.g., parenting)

defined by Reut Avinun

goals with “end states” at the two extremes of overall activity level; a general action goal has an end state of very high motor/cognitive output, and a general inaction goal has an end state of very low motor/cognitive output

defined by Melanie B. Tannenbaum

are variations or mutations in the DNA sequence that geneticists have identified as having some link (or potential link) to hereditary disease or some other human variation

defined by Chris Buchholz

is the total hereditary information of an organism that is encoded in that organism’s DNA; the human genome consists of 3,200,000,000 base pairs of genes

defined by Chris Buchholz

Field of psychology that studies how single parts are perceived as a hole. It describes principles of grouping (e.g. the principle of proximity: elements that are closer to each other are perceived as belonging together), of contour integration and completion, and figure-ground organization.
Reference: J. Wagemans u. a., „A century of Gestalt psychology in visual perception: I. Perceptual grouping and figure–ground organization“, Psychol. Bull., Bd. 138, S. 1172–1217, 2012, doi: 10.1037/a0029333.

defined by Sophie G. Elschner

A public good is a shared resource that people contribute to, such as a fund raised by the local community to preserve a forest. See public goods dilemma for a fuller description. A laboratory public good is one simulated in the laboratory, for example using an online experiment. See laboratory social dilemma for a full description. A global laboratory public good is one where decisions about allocating resources affect people in other parts of the world, as opposed to a local laboratory public good where those affected are “local”, for example participants in the same room or living in the same community.

defined by Rachel New

any type of end state, outcome, or objective that people set and are then motivated to pursue through specific behaviors and thoughts

defined by Melanie B. Tannenbaum

the exchange of evaluative information about individuals who are not present

defined by Ashley Waggoner Denton

The fact that membership in a concept or category like “bowl” varies on a sliding or graded scale.

defined by Alan Jern

refers to successfully adding a contribution to the common ground; when a contribution to a conversation has been grounded it means that both conversation partners recognize it is now part of the shared knowledge or common ground (e.g. someone says "You know Harry had an accident", and someone replies "oh, did he?")

defined by Camiel Beukeboom

refers to an emotion that is based on an appraisal occurring on a group basis; these emotions do not necessarily have to be based on someone's individual experience, but rather on one's group identity

defined by Hans IJzerman

is defined as LeBon`s supernatural force possessing those who dare to join a crowd

defined by Martijn van Zomeren

The group monitoring hypothesis argues that groups may be less affected by impairing factors, such as sleep deprivation, as compared to individuals. In groups, sleep deprived individuals might motivate each other or compensate for errors and decreased performance of other group members.

defined by Jan Alexander Häusser

the tendency for people, when placed in group situations, to make decisions and form opinions to more of an extreme than when they are in individual situations

defined by Joanna Schug

is that part of the individuals` self-concept that is derived from their group membership(s)

defined by Martijn van Zomeren

The overemphasized harmony and conformity within the group in decision making contexts. This tendency comes at the price of reduced critical thinking and controversy and is likely to result in irrational or dysfunctional decision making.

defined by Jan Alexander Häusser

means relating to the governor

defined by Theresa DiDonato

Unpleasant emotion that is usually experienced in direct response to specific misconduct and is therefore often associated with responsibility and a tendency to make amends.

defined by Thomas Feiler, Fabian Hutmacher

stimuli related to the sense of taste

defined by Anna Sagana