A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W

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observational learning

Learning “about an action’s consequences by watching others being rewarded or punished for performing the action” (Gazzaniga et al., 2016, p. 257). Also known as "modeling."

defined by Arash Emamzadeh

observational learning

Acquisition of action knowledge by merely observing another person.

defined by Carina Giesen, Markus Janczyk, David Dignath, Roland Pfister, Birte Moeller

olfactory stimuli

stimuli related to the sense of smell

defined by Anna Sagana

ontological categories

basic categories of being or existence which help define entities and types of entities within a certain framework

defined by Arno van Voorst

openness

one of the Big Five personality factors, characterized at the one extreme by such traits as imagination, curiosity, and creativity, and at the other by shallowness and imperceptiveness

defined by Silvia Barriga

operant conditioning

A learning process in which the consequences [reward/punishment] of an action determine the likelihood that it will be performed in the future (Gazzaniga et al., 2016, p. 240).

defined by Arash Emamzadeh

ordinal linguistic personification

(OLP) a form of synaesthesia in which numbers, letters, days, months or other ordered sequences are assigned personalities

defined by Clare Jonas

organizational citizenship behaviors

prosocial organizational behaviors that are not directly rewarded or part of an employee’s formal job description, but which do contribute to the well-being of the organization

defined by Jeff Joireman

outgroup

refers to a group with which a person does not identify

defined by Abdolhossein Abdollahi

oxytocin

a mammalian hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary gland, which is located near the base of the brain. It is known for stimulating contractions of the uterus during labor and then the production of milk. Recently, studies have confirmed oxytocin’s role in pair bonding and maternal behaviors

defined by Mandy Tjew A Sin